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The advent of the Internet
has spawned a whole new language consisting of words like
"hotlinks" and "spamming," and the words
"finger" and "cracker" have a whole new meaning to
users of "netspeak." This article defines some of the
most common Internet terms and idioms. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A basic text format which can be read by most computers. Autoresponder: A device that sends an automatic e-mail message in response to an incoming e-mail message. Bandwidth: The capacity of a network to transfer data Banner: A static or animated graphic which is usually linked to a web page. Baud rate: The speed at which signals are sent by modem. Browser (or web browser): A program that interacts with web servers, enabling users to view web pages. Carrier signals: The high-pitched squeaks that accompany connections between modems. Chat room: A web site incorporating interactive elements which allow visitors to interact with each other in real-time Cracker: A malicious hacker who breaks into a computer system with the intention of stealing or altering files or disrupting the way the system functions Dial-up access: Accessing the Internet or making other computer connections over telephone lines. Directory: A database of web pages listed by category. Directories -- unlike search engines -- don't use indexing software (spiders), so URL's must be submitted in order to be indexed. Domain: A domain is a web site with its own unique domain name. Domain name: The address (in words) of an IP number on the Internet. Download: Retrieve files from a computer. Downtime: A period during which Internet connectivity cannot be established with a server (or with any web site hosted on the server). E-mail (or email): "Electronic mail" consisting of messages sent and/or received electronically. E-mail address: An online location where e-mail messages are stored on a server until they are picked up by the recipient. An e-mail address consists of a "userid" and a domain name separated by the "@" sign. Example: janedoe@yahoo.com. Finger: A program that provides information about users on a system. Flame: An angry, often abusive attack delivered via e-mail that is usually directed against spammers. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A standard used to transfer files from one computer to another. Freeware: Free software, often available in downloadable files over the Internet. GIF (Graphic Interchange Format): A common type of file format for images. Graphic: An image on a web page. GUI (Graphical User Interface): Point-and-click capability (as opposed to command-line interface requiring typed instructions). Hacker: A person who enjoys working with computers, programs, systems, networks, etc. Hackers are often very proficient at retrieving lost files, improving a system's performance, and even gaining unauthorized entrance into secure systems (although most hackers don't use their skills for abusive or illegal purposes). Handshake: The squawking sounds (carrier signals) that modems make when they are communicating with each other to determine a protocol for exchanging information. Hit counter (or counter): A device that records the number of times a web page or file is accessed. Home page: The main page or main menu of a web site. The most common point of entry into a web site. Hotlink: A hyperlink on an image that links it to another document. Example: Hotlinks are applied to most banners, providing a link from the banner to a web page. HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language): The standard format for documents on the World Wide Web. Hyperlink: A word (or words) in hypertext that provides a connection to another document, or to a different area of the same document. Also a hotlink that connects an image with another document. Hypertext: Highlighted words (text links) that connect to other areas on a web page, other pages in a web site, or other web sites on the Internet. Internet: A world wide network that makes it possible for computers to communicate with other computers all over the world. Internet relay chat (IRC): see chat room. InterNic: An organization through which domain names can be registered and/or reserved. Invisible keywords: Keywords that are the same color as the background to keep them from being visible on a web page. Using invisible keywords is a form of keyword spamming. IP number: A unique number that identifies a domain. ISP (Internet Service Provider): A company that provides access to the Internet. Jpeg (pronounced "jay-peg"): Compressed format for an image file. Keyword: A word used in search engines and directories to define search parameters. Keyword spamming: The mindless repetition of a keyword in tiny letters (or the use of "invisible keywords") on a web page to manipulate search engine positioning. Note: Most search engines and directories penalize keyword spammers with a lower placement or with removal from their databases. Listserver (also mail list server or majordomo): A device that sends an automatic e-mail message to a list. Main page: see home page. Main menu: The home page of a web site (usually a domain) containing several separate web pages or web sites, each of which is usually linked from the main menu. Majordomo: see listserver. META tags: Hidden commands inserted into the HTML code on a web page. Examples include META keyword tags, META description tags, and META title tags. Modem: A device that connects a computer to a phone line and allows computers to communicate. Netiquette: Internet rules of etiquette. Netpreneur: An Internet entrepreneur. Newbie: A newcomer to the Internet. Newsgroup reader: A software program that is needed to read newsgroups. Newsgroups: Discussion forums that are arranged by subject. Newsreader: see newsgroup reader. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): An alternative way to connect to the Internet or to another computer (as opposed to dial-up access). Real-time: The Internet equivalent of a "live" broadcast, which allows participants to engage in a conversation on a subject-oriented channel. Reciprocal linking: A common online marketing technique involving the exchange of links between two or more web sites. Search engine: A database of web pages. Most search engines use indexing software (spiders) to explore the web, "crawling" from link to link and indexing web pages as they go. Server: A computer capable of hosting web sites and domains, and of performing complex tasks for other computers, called "clients." Shareware: Free software for which some form of voluntary payment -- not necessarily in the form of money -- is usually requested. Signature file: A file added to the end of outgoing e-mail messages that contains the sender's contact information. Site map: A web page that provides links to other areas on a web site. Site maps are usually used to facilitate navigating a web site. SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol): An alternative way to connect to the Internet or to another computer (as opposed to the more common dial-up access). Snail mail: Printed matter sent by post. Spam: Unsolicited e-mail or inappropriate newsgroup posting, including posting ads to newsgroups that specifically prohibit advertising. Spammer: A person who uses spam. Spider (or web crawler): A "robot" used by some search engines to "spider" a web site (to "crawl" from link to link until it has accessed and indexed all or most of the pages on the site). Stationery file: An e-mail template that can be used again and again. Surfer: One who "surfs" the World Wide Web. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Internet connectivity, usually provided by the software supplied by an ISP. Text link: A word (or a string of words) in hypertext that connects one area of a web page with another area or with another web page. Like this ... Home Thread: A message posted to a newsgroup with a series of replies. Timeout: A break in communication between two computers. This usually occurs when one computer takes too long to respond to another computer's signals. Traffic: Usually refers to the number of visitors to a web page Upload: Transferring a file from a local computer to a remote computer. Uptime: Usually stated in terms of a percentage, "uptime" most often refers to the time Internet connectivity can be established with a web site and/or a server. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The unique Internet address assigned to every web page. Usenet: A collection of networks and computer systems arranged by subject matter into newsgroups, each of which can exchange messages with the others. Userid: A unique name given to a user on a system. An example of a userid is the first part of an e-mail address, which distinguishes the user from all other users on the system. Web crawler (or webcrawler): see spider. Web page: A document on the Internet with a unique URL (Internet address). Web page editor: A program that allows users to create web pages, usually with little or no knowledge of HTML. Web ring (or webring): Consists of a "ring" of member sites about a specific subject. Each member site displays a logo on the bottom of its main page that provides a link to the next member site in the ring. Web site (or website): A little piece of cyberspace consisting of one or more web pages. Web site host: A server that hosts web sites and/or domains. World Wide Web (or WWW): An Internet application based on hypertext which allows users to move from one document to another via links. By Queen Mason for Red Triangle Enterprises, Inc. Copyright 1999, Red Triangle Enterprises, Inc. Red Triangle Enterprises, Inc., Dept. Internet Magic, 39040 Hubbard St., Palmdale, CA 93551 USA.
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